Bitsat Syllabus

This test is designed to assess the test takers general proficiency in the lend oneself ofEnglish languageas a means of self-expression in real life situations and specific ally to test the test takers knowledge of basic grammar, their vocabulary, their ability to admit fast and comprehend, and also their ability to apply the elements of effective writing. 1. Grammar 1. Agreement, Time and Tense, Parallel construction, Relative pronouns 2. Determiners, Prepositions, Modals, Adjectives . Voice, Transformation 4. Question tags, Phrasal verbs 2. Vocabulary 1. Synonyms, Antonyms, Odd Word, One Word, undercover letter, Homophones, Spelling 2. Contextual meaning. 3. Analogy 3. teaching Comprehension 1. Content/ideas 2. Vocabulary 3. Referents 4. Idioms/Phrases 5. Reconstruction (rewording) 4. Composition 1. Rearrangement 2. Paragraph Unity 3. Linkers/Connectives Logical Reasoning The test is prone to thecandidatesto judge their power of reasoning spread in verbal and nonverbal areas. Thecandidatesshould be able to think logically so that they perceive the data accu prescribely, go through the familys correctly, figure out the missing somas or words, and to apply rules to new and different contexts. These indicators are measured through performance on such tasks as detecting missing links, following armorial bearings, classifying words, establishing sequences, and completing analogies. Verbal Reasoning 1. Analogy Analogy means correspondence. In the questions based on analogy, a particular relationship is wedded and another similar relationship has to be identified from the alternatives provided. . Classification Classification means to assort the items of a given group onthe arseof certain common quality they possess and then spot the odd option out. 3. Series Completion Here series of numbers or letters are given and one is asked to either complete the series or find out the wrong part in the series. 4. Logical Deduction Reading Passage Here a brief pass age is given and based on the passage the candidate is required to identify the correct or inconclusive logical conclusions. 5. Chart LogicHere a chart or a table is given that is partially filled in and asks to complete it in accordance with the information given either in the chart / table or in the question. 6. Nonverbal Reasoning a. Pattern Perception Here a certain public figure is given and generally a quarter is left blank. The candidate is required to identify the correct quarter from the given four alternatives. b. Figure Formation and epitome The candidate is required to analyze and form a figure from various given parts. c. Paper CuttingIt involves the analysis of a pattern that is formed when a folded small-arm of paper is cut into a definite design. d. Figure Matrix In this more than one set of figures is given in the form of a matrix, all of them following the same rule. The candidate is required to follow the rule and identify the missing figure. e. Rule Detectio n Here a particular rule is given and it is required to select from the given sets of figures, a set of figures, which obeys the rule and forms the correct series. BITSAT 2010 Chemistry Syllabus 1. States of Matter 1.Measurement forcible quantities and SI units,Dimensional analysis, Precision,Significant figures. 2. chemical substance substancereactions Laws ofchemicalcombination, Daltons atomic theory Mole concept Atomic,molecularand molar grasses Percentage composition group Amolecularformula Balancedchemical comparisons amp stoichiometry 3. gaseous state Kinetic theory Maxwell distribution of velocities, Average, root mean square and most probable velocities and relation totemperature, Diffusion Deviation from ideal behaviour Criticaltemperature, Liquefaction of gases, van der Waals equation. . Liquid stateVapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity. 5. Solid state Classification Space lattices amp crystal systems Unit cell cube-shaped amp hexagonal systems Close packing watch glass mental synthesiss Simple AB and AB2 type ionic crystals, covalent crystals diamond amp graphite, metals. Imperfections- Point defects, non-stoichiometric crystals Electrical, magnetic and insulatorproperties Amorphous solids qualitative description. 2. Atomic Structure 1. Introduction Subatomic particles Rutherfords picture of atom Hydrogen atom spectrum and Bohr model. 2.Quantum mechanics Wave-particle duality de Broglie relation, Uncertainty tenet Hydrogen atom Quantum numbers and wavefunctions, atomic orbitals and their shapes (s, p, and d), Spin quantum number. 3. Many electron atoms Pauli exclusion principle Aufbau principle and the electronic configuration of atoms, Hunds rule. 4. Periodicity Periodic legal philosophy and the modern periodic table Types of elements s, p, d, and f blocks Periodic trends ionization energy, atomic and ionic radii, electron affinity, and valency. 5. Nucleus Natural and artificial radioactivity Nuclearreactions, unreal transmuta tion ofelements. . chemical substanceBonding ampMolecularStructure1. Ionic Bond Lattice Energy and Born-Haber cycle 2. MolecularStructure Lewis picture amp reverberance social organisations, VSEPR model ampmolecularshapes 3. Covalent Bond Valence Bond Theory- Orbital overlap, Directionality of bonds amp hybridistaion (s amp p orbitals only), vibrancyMolecularorbital theory- Methodology, Orbital energy level diagram, Bond order, Magneticpropertiesfor homonuclear diatomic species. 4. Metallic Bond Qualitative description. 5. Intermolecular Forces Polarity Dipole moments Hydrogen Bond. 4.Thermodynamics 1. Basic thoughts Systems and purlieu State functions Intensive amp ExtensiveProperties Zeroth Law andTemperature 2. First Law of Thermodynamics Work, internal energy, heat, enthalpy, heat capacities Enthalpies of formation, phase transformation, ionization, electron gain Thermochemistry Hesss Law. 3. Second and leash Laws Spontaneous and reversible mental processes entropy Gibbs f ree energy related to spontaneity and non-mechanical work Standard free energies of formation, free energy change andchemical counterbalance Third Law and Absolute Entropies. . Physical andChemicalEquilibria 1. Concentration Units Mole Fraction, Molarity, and Molality 2. Solutions Solubility of solids and gases in liquids,Vapour Pressure, Raoults law, Relative lowering ofvapour pressure, depressive disorder in freezing point elevation in boiling point osmotic pressure, determination ofmolecularmass. 3. Physical Equilibrium Equilibria involving physical changes (solid-liquid, liquid-gas, solid-gas), Adsorption, Physical andChemicaladsorption, Langmuir Isotherm. 4.ChemicalEquilibria Equilibrium constants (KP, KC), Le-Chateliers principle. 5. Ionic Equilibria Strong and Weak electrolytes, Acids and Bases (Arrhenius, Lewis, Lowry and Bronsted) and their dissociation Ionization of Water pH Buffer solutions Acid-base titrations Hydrolysis Solubility Product of Sparingly Soluble Salts Comm on Ion Effect. 6. Factors touch on Equilibria Concentration,Temperature, Pressure, Catalysts, Significance of DG and DG0 inChemicalEquilibria. 6. Electrochemistry 1.RedoxReactions Oxidation-reductionreactions(electron transfer concept) Oxidation number Balancing of redoxreactions Electrochemical cells and cellreactions Electrode capablenesss EMF of Galvanic cells Nernst equation Gibbs energy change and cell potential Concentration cells Secondary cells Fuel cells Corrosion and its prevention. 2. Electrolytic Conduction Electrolytic Conductance circumstantial, equivalent and molar conductivities Kolhrauschs Law and its application, Faradays laws of electrolysis Electrode potential and electrolysis, Commercial harvest-feastion of the chemicals, NaOH, Na, Al, C12, & F2 7.ChemicalKinetics 1. Aspects of Kinetics Rate and Rate expression of a reaction Rate constant Order of reaction incorporate rate expressions for zero and first orderreactions Half-life Determination of rate cons tant and order of reaction 2. Factor Affecting the Rate of theReactionsTemperaturedependence of rate constant Activation energy Catalysis, Surface catalysis, enzymes, zeolites Factors affecting rate of collisions among molecules Effect of light. 3. Mechanism of Reaction Elementaryreactions ComplexreactionsReactionsinvolving two/three travel only Photochemicalreactions Concept of fastreactions. . Radioactive isotopes Half-life period Radiochemical dating. 8. Hydrogen and s-block elements 1. Hydrogen Element unique position in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes Dihydrogen preparation,properties,reactions, and usesMolecular, saline, interstitial hydrides WaterProperties Structure and aggregation of water moleculesHard and soft water Heavy water Hydrogen peroxide. 2. s-block elements Abundance and occurrence Anomalouspropertiesof the first elements in each group diagonal relationships. 3.Alkali metals Lithium, sodium and potassium occurrence, extraction, reactivity, and electrode po tentialsReactionswith oxygen, hydrogen, halogens and liquid ammonia Basic nature of oxides and hydroxides HalidesPropertiesand uses of compounds such as NaCl, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaOH, KCl, and KOH. 4. Alkaline earth metals Magnesium and atomic number 20 Occurrence, extraction, reactivity and electrode potentialsReactionswith non-metals Solubility and thermal stability of oxo saltsPropertiesand uses of important compounds such as CaO, Ca(OH)2, plaster of Paris, MgSO4, MgCl2, CaCO3, and CaSO4 Lime and limestone, cement. . p- d- and f-block elements 1. General Abundance, distribution, physical andchemicalproperties, isolation and uses of elements Trends inchemicalreactivity of elements of a group Extraction and refining of metals. 2. Group 13 elements BoronPropertiesand uses of borax,boric sharp, boron hydrides & halides. Reaction of aluminum with acids and alkalis 3. Group 14 elements Carbon Uses, Allotropes (graphite, diamond, fullerenes), oxides, halides and sulphides, carbides Si licon Silica, silicates, silicones Tin and lead Extraction, halides and oxides. . Group 15 elements Dinitrogen Reactivity and uses of nitrogen and its compounds Industrial and biological nitrogen fixation Ammonia Habers process,propertiesandreactions Oxides of nitrogen and their structures Ostwalds process of nitric acid production Fertilizers NPK type Production of phosphorus Allotropes of phosphorus Preparation, structure andpropertiesof hydrides, oxides, oxoacids and halides of phosphorus. 5.Group 16 elements Isolation andchemicalreactivity of dioxygen Acidic, basic and amphoteric oxides Preparation, structure andpropertiesof ozone Allotropes of sulphur Production of sulphur and sulphuric acid Structure andpropertiesof oxides, oxoacids, hydrides and halides of sulphur. 6. Group 17 and group 18 elements Structure andpropertiesof hydrides, oxides, oxoacids of chlorine Inter halogen compounds Bleaching Powder Preparation, structure andreactionsof xenon fluorides, oxides, and oxoaci ds. 7. -block elements General trends in the chemistry of first row transition elements Metallic character Oxidation state Ionic radii Catalytic properties Magnetic properties interstitial compounds Occurrence and extraction of iron, bull, silver, zinc, and mercury Alloy formation Steel and some important alloys preparation and properties of CuSO4, K2Cr2O7, KMnO4, Mercury halides Silver nitrate and silver halides Photography. 8. f-block elements Lanthanides and actinides Oxidation states and chemical reactivity of lanthanide compounds Lanthanide contraction Comparison of actinides and lanthanides. . Coordination Compounds Coordination number Ligands Werners coordination theory IUPAC nomenclature Application and importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems e. g. chlorophyll, vitamin B12, and hemoglobin) Bonding Valence-bond approach, Crystal field theory (qualitative) Stability constants Shapes, color and magnetic propert ies Isomerism including stereoisomerisms Organometallic compounds. 10. Principles of thorough Chemistry and Hydrocarbons 1.Classification Based on functional groups, trivial and IUPAC nomenclature. 2. Electronic displacement in a covalent bond Inductive, resonance effects, and hyperconjugation free radicals carbocations, carbanion, nucleophile and electrophile types of reactions. 3. Alkanes and cycloalkanes Structural isomerism and general properties. 4. Alkenes and alkynes General methods of preparation and reactions, physical properties, electrophilic and free radical additions, sulfurous character of alkynes and (1,2 and 1,4) addition to dienes. 5.Aromatic hydrocarbons Sources Properties Isomerism Resonance delocalization polynuclear hydrocarbons mechanism of electrophilic substitution reaction, directive influence and effect of substituents on reactivity. 6. Haloalkanes and haloarenes Physical properties, chemical reactions. 7. Petroleum Composition and refining, uses of petr ochemicals. 11. Stereochemistry 1. Introduction Chiral molecules Optical activity Polarimetry R,S and D,L configurations Fischer projections Enantiomerism Racemates Diastereomerism and meso structures. . Conformations Ethane, propane, n-butane and cyclohexane conformations Newman and sawhorse projections. 3. geometric isomerism in alkenes 12. Organic Compounds with Functional Groups Containing Oxygen and Nitrogen 1. General Electronic structure, important methods of preparation, important reactions and physical properties of alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, nitro compounds, amines, diazonium salts, cyanides and isocyanides. 2.Specific Effect of substituents on alpha-carbon on acid strength, comparative reactivity of acid derivatives, basic character of amines and their separation, importance of diazonium salts in synthetic organic chemistry 13. Biological, Industrial and Environmental chemistry 1. The Cell Concept of cell and energy cycle. 2. Carbohy drates Classification Monosaccharides Structures of pentoses and hexoses Anomeric carbon Mutarotation Simple chemical reactions of glucose, Disaccharides reducing and non-reducing sugars sucrose, maltose and lactose Polysaccharides elementary idea of structures of starch and cellulose. . Proteins Amino acids Peptide bond Polypeptides simple structure of proteins Simple idea of secondary , tertiary and quarternary structures of proteins Denaturation of proteins and enzymes. 4. Nucleic Acids Types of nucleic acids Primary building blocks of nucleic acids (chemical composition of DNA amp RNA) Primary structure of DNA and its double whorl Replication Transcription and protein synthesis Genetic code. 5. Lipids, Hormones, Vitamins Classification, structure, functions in biosystems. 6.Polymers Classification of polymers General methods of polymerization Molecular mass of polymers Biopolymers and biodegradable polymers Free radical, cationic and anionic addition polymerizations Copolymeri zation Natural rubber Vulcanization of rubber Synthetic rubbers. Condensation polymers. 7. Pollution Environmental pollutants soil, water and air pollution Chemical reactions in atmosphere smog Major atmospheric pollutants Acid rain Ozone and its reactions Depletion of ozone layer and its effects Industrial air pollution color house effect and global warming Green Chemistry. . Chemicals in medicine, health-care and food Analgesics, Tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, anti- littlebials, anti-fertility drugs, antihistamines, antibiotics, antacids Cosmetics Creams, perfumes, talcum powder, deodorants Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, antioxidants, and edible colours. 9. Other Industrial Chemicals Dyes Classification with examples Indigo, methyl orange, aniline yellow, alizarin, malachite green Advanced materials Carbon fibers, ceramics, micro alloys Detergents Insect repellents, pheromones, sex attractants Rocket Propellants. 4. Theoretical Principles of Experiment al Chemistry 1. Volumetric Analysis Principles Standard solutions of sodium carbonate and oxalic acid Acid-base titrations Redox reactions involving KI, H2SO4, Na2SO3, Na2S2O3and H2S Potassium permanganate in acidic, basic and neutral media Titrations of oxalic acid, ferrous ammonium sulphate with KMnO4, K2 Cr2O7/Na2S2O3, Cu(II)/Na2S2O3 2. Qualitative analysis of Inorganic Salts Principles in the determination of the cations Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Fe3+, Ni2+ and the anions CO32-, S2-,SO42-, SO32-, NO2-, NO3-, Cl-, Br-, I-, PO43-, CH3COO-, C2O42-. 3. Physical Chemistry Experiments crystallization of alum, copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate, double salt of alum and ferrous sulphate, potassium ferric sulphate Temperature vs. solubility pH measurements Lyophilic and lyophobic sols Dialysis Role of emulsifying agents in emulsification. Equilibrium studies involving (i) ferric and thiocyanate ions (ii) Co(H2O)62+ and chloride ions hydrogen determ ination for (i) strong acid vs. trong base neutralization reaction (ii) hydrogen bonding interaction amidst acetone and chloroform Rates of the reaction between (i) sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid, (ii) potassium iodate and sodium sulphite (iii) iodide vs. hydrogen peroxide, concentration and temperature effects in these reactions 4. Purification Methods Filtration, crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography. Principles of melting point and boiling point determination principles of paper chromatographic separation Rf values. 5.Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorous and halogens Detection of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in foodstuff Detection of alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic, amino groups and unsaturation. 6. Quantitative Analysis of Organic Compounds Basic principles for the quantitative estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogen, sulphur and phosp horous Molecular mass determination by silver salt and chloroplatinate salt methods Elementary idea of mass spectrometer for accurate molecular mass determination Calculations of empirical and molecular formulae. . Principles of Organic Chemistry Experiments Preparation of iodoform, acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, di-benzyl acetone, aniline yellow, beta-naphthol Preparation of acetylene and study of its acidic character. BITSAT 2010 Physics Syllabus 1. Units amp Measurement 1. Units (Different systems of units, SI units, fundamental and derived units) 2. Dimensional Analysis 3. Precision and significant figures 4. Fundamental measurements in Physics (Vernier calipers, screw gauge, Physical balance etc) 2. Kinematics 1. Properties of vectors 2. Position, velocity and acceleration vectors . Motion with constant acceleration 4. Projectile query 5. Uniform circular motion 6. Relative motion 3. Newtons Laws of Motion 1. Newtons laws (free ashes diagram, resolution of forces) 2. Motio n on an inclined plane 3. Motion of blocks with pulley systems 4. Circular motion centripetal force 5. Inertial and non-inertial frames 4. Impulse and Momentum 1. explanation of impulse and urge 2. Conservation of momentum 3. Collisions 4. Momentum of a system of particles 5. Center of mass 5. Work and Energy 1. Work done by a force 2. Kinetic energy and work-energy theorem 3.Power 4. Conservative forces and potential energy 5. Conservation of mechanical energy 6. Rotational Motion 1. Description of rotation (angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration) 2. Rotational motion with constant angular acceleration 3. Moment of inertia, Parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, rotational kinetic energy6. 4 Torque and angular momentum 4. Conservation of angular momentum 5. Rolling motion 7. Gravitation 1. Newtons law of gravitation 2. Gravitational potential energy, Escape velocity 3. Motion of planets Keplers laws, satellite motion . Mechanics of Solids and Fluids 1. Elasticity 2. Pressure, density and Archimedes principle 3. Viscosity and Surface Tension 4. Bernoullis theorem 9. Oscillations 1. Kinematics of simple harmonic motion 2. Spring mass system, simple and compound pendulum 3. agonistic amp damped oscillations, resonance 10. Waves 1. Progressive sinusoidal waves 2. Standing waves in strings and pipes 3. Superposition of waves beats 11. Heat and Thermodynamics 1. Kinetic theory of gases 2. Thermal equilibrium and temperature 3. Specific heat 4. Work, heat and first law of thermodynamics 5. nd law of thermodynamics, Carnot engine Efficiency and Coefficient of performance 12. stills 1. Coulombs law 2. Electric field (discrete and continuous charge distributions) 3. Electrostatic potential and Electrostatic potential energy 4. Gauss law and its applications 5. Electric dipole 6. Capacitance and dielectrics (parallel plate capacitor, capacitors in series and parallel) 13. Current Electricity 1. Ohms law, Joule alter 2. D. C circuits Resistors and cells in series and parallel, Kirchoffs laws, potentiometer and Wheatstone bridge, 3.Electrical Resistance (Resistivity, origin and temperature dependence of resistivity). 14. Magnetic Effect of Current 1. Biot-Savarts law and its applications 2. Amperes law and its applications 3. Lorentz force, force on rate of flow carrying conductors in a magnetic field 4. Magnetic moment of a current loop, torque on a current loop, Galvanometer and its conversion to voltmeter and ammeter 15. Electromagnetic innovation 1. Faradays law, Lenzs law, eddy currents 2. Self and mutual inductance 3. Transformersand generators 4. Alternating current (peak and rms value) . AC circuits, LCR circuits 16. Optics 1. Laws of reflection and refraction 2. Lenses and mirrors 3. Opticalinstruments telescope andmicroscope 4. Interference Huygens principle, Youngs double slit taste 5. Interference in thin films 6. Diffraction due to a single slit 7. Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (only qualitative ideas), Electromagnetic spectrum 8. Polarization states of polarization, Malus law, Brewsters law 17. Modern Physics 1. bivalent nature of light and matter Photoelectric effect. De Broglie wavelength 2.Atomic models Rutherfords experiment, Bohrs atomic model 3. Hydrogen atom spectrum 4. Radioactivity 5. Nuclear reactions Fission and fusion, binding energy BITSAT 2010 math Syllabus 1. Algebra 1. Complex numbers, addition,multiplication, conjugation, polar representation,propertiesof modulus and principal argument, triangle inequality, roots of complex numbers,geometricinterpretations. 2. Theory ofQuadratic equations,quadratic equationsin real and complex number system and their solutions, relation between roots and coefficients, nature of roots, equations reducible toquadratic equations. . Logarithms and theirproperties. 4. Arithmetic,geometricand harmonic progressions, arithmetic,geometricand harmonic means, arithmetico-geometricseries, sums of finite arithmet ic andgeometricprogressions, infinitegeometricseries, sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural numbers. 5. Exponential series. 6. Permutations and combinations, Permutations as an arrangement and combination as selection, simple applications. 7. Binomial theorem for a positive integral index,propertiesof binomial coefficients. 8.Matrices and determinants of order two or three,propertiesand evaluation of determinants, addition andmultiplicationof matrices, adjoint and inverse of matrices, Solutions of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables. 9. Sets, Relations and Functions, algebra of sets applications, equivalence relations, mappings, one-one, into and onto mappings, composition of mappings. 10. Mathematical origination 11. Linear Inequalities, solution of linear inequalities in one and two variables. 2. Trigonometry 1. Trigonometric ratios, functions and identities. . Solution of trigonometric equations. 3. Propertiesof triangles and solutions of triangles 4. Inverse trigonometric functions 5. Heights and distances 3. Two-dimensional engineer Geometry 1. Cartesian coordinates, distance between two points, section formulae, shift of origin. 2. Straight lines and pair of unfeigned lines Equation of straight lines in various forms, angle between two lines, distance of a point from a line, lines through the point of intersection of two given lines, equation of the bisector of the angle between two lines, synchronal lines. .Circles and family of circles Equation of circle in various form, equation of tangent, normal amp chords, parametric equations of a circle , intersection of a circle with a straight line or a circle, equation of circle through point of intersection of two circles, conditions for two intersecting circles to be orthogonal. 4. Conic sections parabola, ellipse and hyperbola their eccentricity, directrices amp foci, parametric forms, equations of tangent amp normal, conditions for y=mx+c to be a tangent and point of tan gency. . Three dimensional Coordinate Geometry 1. Direction cosines and direction ratios, equation of a straight line in space and skew lines. 2. Angle between two lines whose direction ratios are given 3. Equation of a plane, distance of a point from a plane, condition for coplanarity of three lines. 5. Differential calculus 1. Domain and range of a real valued function, Limits and Continuity of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, Differentiability. 2.Derivative of different types of functions (polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, implicit functions), derivative of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, chain rule. 3. Geometricinterpretation of derivative, Tangents and Normals. 4. Increasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima of a function. 5. Rolles Theorem, Mean rank Theorem and Intermediate Value Theorem. 6. Integral calculus 1. Integration as the inverse process of differenti ation, indefinite integrals of standard functions. . Methods of integration Integration by substitution, Integration by parts, integration by partial fractions, and integration by trigonometric identities. 3. Definite integrals and theirproperties, Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus and its applications. 4. Application of definite integrals to the determination of areas of regions bounded by simple curves. 7. Ordinary Differential Equations 1. Variables separable method. 2. Solution of homogeneous differential equations. 3. Linear first order differential equations 8.Probability 1. Addition andmultiplicationrules of chance. 2. Conditional probability 3. Independent events 4. Discrete random variables and distributions 9. Vectors 1. Addition of vectors, scalarmultiplication. 2. Dot and cross products of two vectors. 3. Scalar triple products and their geometrical interpretations. 10. Statistics 1. Measures of dispersion 2. Measures of skewness and Central intention 11. Linear Programming 1. Formulation of linear Programming 2. Solution oflinear Programming, using graphical method.