Physiological Aids in sport Essay

Physiological aids atomic number 18 criminalise substances and methods that athletic supporters expend within competition and training to improve their performance. Physiological aids ar apply in sport as they help an athletes performance. Some aids help to amplification tender middleedness set out, adrenaline rate and stimulate the body ex comportly former(a) aids unhopefuler the heart rate and change the growth of muscles and bones.Sport is suppose to help us learn from defeat and victory, encourage us to participate in aggroup sports, encourage a spirit of co-operation, and interdependence, and principal(prenominal)ly encouraging moral and sociable values. It to a fault means that an unmarried psyche finish lead a healthy lifestyle while performing and to a fault helping the individual to bring about a healthy, integrated society.There atomic number 18 umteen influences on medicate use, the media, the money their performance pile bring in, the sponsorship and m each an(prenominal) other critical factors in an athletes cargoner. There shag be no justification for athletes to cheat in order to come on or that the pressures and temptations atomic number 18 wholly the same for the athletes.Most athletes turn to medicines be crusade of pressure, it all comes down to pressure really but some feel greed and wealth.The main reasons are usuallyWinning poop bring millions of dollars in sponsorship and endorsementSociety places great emphasis on success in sport, which puts more pressure on an athlete to winSome banned do medicatess freighter speed recovery from injury, which means athletes stool be sand training, competing and winning more quicklySome athletes believe their competitors are use drugs and that to be competitive, they need to take drugs as wellSome athletes believe to win is so great that they are testamenting to use any means, including cheating to gain successSome coaches may push drug use to enhance their athletes chances of winning, which boosts their profile as a successful coach.Prohibited physiological aidsAnabolic agents- thither are two types of these agents- there is anabolic androgenic steroids and beta -2 agonists.Anabolic androgenic steroids are substances that contain anabolic and androgenic properties. The anabolic properties help to augment the growth of the muscles and bones. The androgenic properties help the phallics reproductive system, helping to release more testosterone. Anabolic steroids are utilise to increase the energy of an athlete and withal their muscle size, they too help to decrease the term the body takes to recover after exercise. So be condition of this the athletes train harder and for longer the special(a) training gives them an advantage over other athletes.This drug thunder mug cause more physical problems standardised heart problems, liver vilify, jaundice, euphoria and there are also mental do like mood swings, ameliorate self esteem, depre ssion and aggression. Male athletes usher out produce from effect like baldness, the development of breast create from raw stuff and level infertility. Female athletes stub suffer from do like menstrual problems, foetal damage, clitoral enlargement, increased facial nerve and body hair and also a permanent deepening transfer the voice. They can be detected by using suck chromatography in an athletes peeing.Beta -2 agonists are normally apply medically to brood asthma, therefore when they are taken they can increase function muscle mass and also help to rednessuce body fat. The human face effects of beta -2 agonists are dizziness, muscle cramps, headaches, palpitations and some nausea. Beta -2 can also be detected through the urine. This drug is one of many that are banned but in some forms this drug can be taken but moreover for medical reasons and that leave behind not give unfair advantages to the performer.DiureticsThis type of drug helps an athlete with a ver itable weight category in sport, it helps the body to produce more urine so the body weight can drop significantly so they fall into a certain category. Such sports like judo, horse racing, and weightlifting, when these drugs are taken give the athlete an unfair chance of beating their competitor(s). These also help an athlete to reduce the chances of detection of other drugs by diluting their urine. The main side effect of diuretics is dehydration but they can also cause headaches and dizziness and a want in coordination or balance.This drug is also detected within the urine. Before, during and after exercise, it is essential that sportsmen and women take in a considerable amount of fluid, this is because dehydration can occur resulting in other side effects and also excessive loss of water effects the heart and kidneys, they could fail which mean this could be fatal to the athlete.NarcoticsNarcotics help an athlete to push himself harder and further because his pain threshold is bigger, it helps him to continue exercising/ competing counterbalance when injury has occurred. Narcotics pay back similar effects to heroin or morphine. Narcotics are strong painkillers and they are usually competitors are tried and true for them when they compete. Many narcotics are illegal substances and not just in sport, these drugs are potentially addictive. case effects from these drugs can seriously put an athletes performance in risk because if the athlete continues to exercise, whilst injured it can cause further injury, even though narcotics stop the pain once they wear off the pain will be worse, like all other drugs they also cause loss of balance, lack of concentration, nausea and even vomiting, constipation and breathing/ respiratory problems. These drugs can become addictive. Detection of these drugs is also through the urine by gas chromatography.Peptide ductless secretorsThere are many different substances within this class of drugschorionic gonadotropin (hC G)Pituitary and synthetic gonadotropic hormone (LH)Corticotrophins (ACTH, tetracosactide) ontogeny endocrine (hGH)Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1)Erythropoietin (EPO)InsulinChorionic gonadotrophinChorionic gonadotrophin is a drug that when in a males body can help produce testosterone at a much faster rate, it is mainly used to overcome effects of testicular damage and sometimes it is also used as a masking agent. This drug is normally produced during a pregnancy and increases natural male and female steroids. This drug can cause many side effects just like the effects of most other anabolic steroids but this can also cause gynaecomastia. Immunoessay is the only federal agency to detect this drug and this drug is only prohibited in men.Pituitary and synthetic gonadotrophinThe pituitary gland produces pituitary hormones, and the hormones released consist of many different types, including the leutinising hormone. Hormones act as messages from one organ to another, these hormon es stimulate growth, a persons sex drive, pain threshold and a persons behaviour. The leutinising hormone stimulates the males testis or the females ovaries. If used in a male this drug (also like hCG) helps to stimulate the wareof testosterone, if used in a female this drug stimulates the ovaries. The synthetic gonadotrophin helps the body to regulate gonadotrophin production or use. This drug has no real side effect it depends on the drug used. An immunoessay test is the only way of detecting this drug as well, this is done through the urine. some(prenominal)(prenominal) of these drugs are only prohibited in males.CorticotrophinCorticotrophin is a drug that helps to increase the levels of endogenous corticosteroids (cortisone) in the descent. This drug is normally used as an anti-inflammatory drug. This drug has many side effects both long and short term ones. The short-term side effects are ulcers of the stomach or stomach irritation and even psychological effects like irrita bility. The long-term effects of this drug are weakening of muscles and connecter tissues of area of injured muscle, tendon or n ligament and even osteoporosis or cataracts.Corticosteroids, are drugs that are used for therapy or treatment of injuries, there routine is legal but only for these purposes.Blood doping Blood doping is a way an athlete removes blood from their bodies. An athlete will do this about a week or two prior to competition, and then they will switch it just before the competition. After the blood is taken the body has to change the missing blood, the athlete will then replace the blood they have taken from their own body resulting in the body having redundant blood. The additional blood results in additional haemoglobin and therefore a great ability for oxygen uptake. Many things can go wrong with this method, un-sterile needles can be used, the blood is not stored correctly or another persons blood can be accidentally used. Athletes can pay back AIDS/HIV hepatitis and many other diseases. If their blood is not stored office then that can have major effects on the body and if the blood used is different to their blood group the body will reject this blood causing more problems in the body.Growth Hormone (hGH)The growth hormone is a hormone that is also released from the pituitary gland and is necessary for the growth of bones and muscles and also for the growth of children. The growth hormone is used by athletes to increase their muscle mass size and also their strength. This drug can cause the overgrowth of body parts much(prenominal) as hands, feet, the face and it can also cause soft tissue swelling and increased sweating. The most fatal effect of this drug is it causes heart disease.Insulin- like Growth Factor (IGF-1)This type of drug is often used to increase protein synthesis and reduce muscle cell breakdown in the body. When the muscle cell breakdown occurs it leads to an increase in muscle wad and helps to reduce body fat. This drug also occurs naturally from a get downs milk. The side effects of IGF-1 are headaches, joint pains, and enlargement of familiar variety meat, changes in musculoskeletal shape and size e.g. enlargement of the jaw, hypoglycaemia (which is low sugar in the body) and also acromegaly (which is the overgrowth of certain organs like the feet, face and hands). Muscles also become stronger from this drug but winning this drug also results in the muscles getting weaker because of degenerative changes in the joints.Erythropoietin (rhEPO)Erythropoietin is a drug that helps to increase the production of red blood cells in the body. When the red blood cell amount increases the amount of oxygen able to be carried around the body increases meaning the muscles gain more oxygen, this helps the athletes performance. When the drug increases the production of red blood cells it also increases the risk of the blood clotting because it is thicker. This is very dangerous for athletes that per form resolution events because their blood is much thicker due to dehydration.InsulinThis drug is normally used to treat diabetes it increases the amount ofsugar in the body and also increases the metabolism of foods. If this drug is used alongside other drugs like anabolic steroids and clenbuterol it can increase muscle growth and increase muscle definition. But these drugs used unitedly can cause severe side effects and even death. Insulin can also cause hypoglycaemia, this causes shaking of the body, drowsiness, increases in respiratory rate, weakness, it can also cause the body to be comatose, it can cause brain damage and can also cause death.StimulantsStimulants are usually only tested for in competition circumstances, but in some causes the drug can be tested for in other sports. Stimulants consist of substances such as amphetamines, caffeine (prohibited in large concentrations) and a number of the active ingredients in cold and flu preparations (i.e. pseudoephedrine). The side effects of stimulants include an increased trice and can have an impact on the bodys natural ability to regulate its temperature. Stimulants are used to reduce tiredness, increase their watchfulness and arousal levels and also to boost their confidence.Sports such as endurance, fast pitiable sports and contact sports are the main events in which this type of drug is used. Stimulants can cause many risks to the body, it can cause possible collapse and even death, it increases the blood pressure, and makes the athlete dehydrated and can cause hypothermia. The athlete can also become dependant on this drug, appetite can be lost and the person can also become very keen and aggressive.